Power Point Presentation
Techniques Used by Coaches to Improve the Performance
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in Sport
In this assignment I will be analysing the structure and function of the muscular system.
Approximately 40 per cent of your body mass is muscle, whose key function is to move your bones. The muscles that move your bones during activity are skeletal muscles. There are over 460 named muscles in the human body. Your muscles are generously supplied with arteries to convey nutrients and oxygen, and veins to remove waste products. Your skeletal muscles work to move either parts of your body or your body as a whole. Most sporting movements involve the coordinated action of muscles rather than muscles working in isolation. There are 3 main types of muscle tissue on your body which helps the structure of the muscles in the body. They include the skeletal muscle. This is also knows as striated or stripped muscle because of its striped appearance when viewed under a microscope.
Also this type of muscle is voluntary which means it is under conscious control. The other main type is the smooth muscle. This is an involuntary muscle that works without conscious thought, functioning under the control of the nervous system. This is located in the walls of your digestive system and blood vessels.
The final type is the cardiac muscle. This is found only in the wall of your heart .It works continuously .This muscle is involuntary, which means it is not under conscious control . It is composed of a specialised type of striated tissue that has its own blood supply.
Now I am going to explain the function of the muscular system. Muscles must cross the joints they move. When a muscle contracts, it exerts a pulling force on the bones, causing them to move together around the joint. Under normal circumstances, muscles are in a state of partial contraction, ready to react to a stimulus from your nervous system. Without this muscle tone, your body would collapse .When a stimulus from the nerve supply occurs, muscle fibres work on an all or nothing basis.
The strength of muscle contradiction in response to the stimulus depends on the number of muscle fibres brought into use, a process known as muscle fibre recruitment. When you exercise, your muscles use energy at a rate that is directly proportional to the intensity of the exercise. If this energy is not replaced as it is used up, your muscles are unable to maintain their work rate and you have to reduce the intensity of the activity or stop it.
I will now explain the fibre type’s .All skeletal muscles contain a mixture of fibre types. The mix of fibres varies from individual to individual, and within the individual from muscle group to muscle group .Two main types of striated skeletal muscle can be distinguished on the basis of their speed of contradiction. There is type 1 which is slow twitch and types 2 which is fast twitch. There are characteristics of these types. For example type 1 are fibres which contract slowly with less force. They are slow to fatigue and suited to longer duration aerobic activities. They have a rich blood supply and contain many mitochondria. Type 1 fibres have a high capacity for aerobic respiration .They are recruited for lower intensity, longer duration activities such as long distance running and swimming.
Now I am going to explain type 2 characteristics. There are also with type 2 A and B. Type 2A fibres which are also known as fast twitch and fast –oxidative fibres are fast contracting and able to produce a great force , but are also resistant to fatigue .These fibres are suited to middle distance events .
The characteristics of type 2B contract rapidly and have the capacity to produce large amounts of force, but they fatigue more rapidly, making them better suited to anaerobic activity. They depend almost entirely on anaerobic metabolism and are recruited for higher intensity, shorter duration activities. They are important in sports that include many stop – go or change of pace activities .
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